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Or suppose you want to make the photograph brighter. Sequence of numbers so they run from right to left instead of left to Numbers! To flip a digital photo, the computer simply reverses the Photo is really like an instant, orderly exercise in painting by The computer stores each pixel as a number, so taking a Millions of individual pixels (colored squares) arranged in a grid You probably know that the photo is made up of
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Photo-editing program and you decide you want a mirror image of it (inįrom left to right). Suppose you're looking at a digital photo you just taken in a paint or A computer stores complex sets of instructions called programs and uses them to do much more interesting things. However, a calculator simply figures out the results of calculations and that's all it ever does. Photo: Calculators and computers are very similar, because both work by processing numbers. EverythingĪ computer does, from helping you to edit a photograph you've takenĪ web page, involves manipulating numbers in one way or another. Problems-but they are all still, essentially, calculations. Today, computers work on a much wider variety of You may have anĪs you can read in our long article on computer history, the firstĬomputers were gigantic calculating machines and all they ever reallyĭid was "crunch numbers": solve lengthy, difficult, or tedious Output: Your computer probably has an LCD screenĬapable of displaying high-resolution (very detailed) graphics,Īnd probably also stereo loudspeakers.That's why your computer has a littleįan blowing away-to stop its brain from overheating! Known as the central processing unit) is a Processing: Your computer's processor (sometimes.But smaller, computer-based devices likeĭigital cameras and cellphones use other kinds of storage such as flash memory cards. Memory/storage: Your computer probably stores all your documents.If you use a microphone and voice recognition software, that's All the main parts of a computer system are involved in one of these four processes.Įxample, are just input units-ways of getting information into yourĬomputer that it can process. Once you understand that computers are about input, memory, processing, and output, all the junk on your desk makes a lot more sense:Īrtwork: A computer works by combining input, storage, processing, and output. To the problems and the out tray on her desk is her output. Is her memory her brain is the processor that works out the solutions Her letterbox is her input the pile on her desk Problem and sticks it in her out tray, ready to post. This in an envelope addressed to the person who sent her the original Solution, and scribbles the answer on the back. The top of the pile, studies the problem, works out the New math problems waiting for her attention. Each morning, she goes to her letterbox and finds a pile of She is so good that everyone she knows posts their math problems to Taking in information is called input, storing information is better known as memory (or storage),Ĭhewing information is also known as processing, and Ready to work on it, chews and crunches it for a bit, then spits out the results at the other end.Īll these processes have a name. Raw information (or data) at one end, stores it until it's
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Words, an information processor: it takes in Photo: Computers that used to take up a huge room now fit comfortably on your finger!.Ī computer is an electronic machine that processes information-in other What's the difference between hardware and software?.Photo: NASA runs some of the world's most powerfulĬomputers-but they're just super-scaled up versions of the one What makes computers flexible enough to work in all theseĭifferent appliances? How come they are so phenomenally useful? And howĮxactly do they work? Let's take a closer look! Recognizable as such: they are embedded in everything from microwave ovens to cellphones and digital Scientific and military behemoths commissioned by the government at aĬost of millions of dollars apiece today, most computers are not even To be fair to Watson, computers have changed enormously in that time. The global population of computers has now risen to something like one billion machines! That the world would need no more than "about five computers." Six decades later and Back in the 1940s, Thomas Watson, boss of the giant IBM Corporation, reputedly forecast